Northspread
Formula sheet/NISM Series XV: Research Analyst/Company Analysis - Financial Analysis
[ COMPANY ANALYSIS - FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ]

Operating Efficiency & Activity Ratios

Receivables Turnover=Net Credit Sales/Average Accounts Receivable  ⇒  DSO=365Receivables Turnover\text{Receivables Turnover} = \text{Net Credit Sales} / \text{Average Accounts Receivable} \;\Rightarrow\; DSO = \dfrac{365}{\text{Receivables Turnover}}
Payables Turnover=Annual Purchases/Average Accounts Payable  ⇒  DPO=365Payables Turnover\text{Payables Turnover} = \text{Annual Purchases} / \text{Average Accounts Payable} \;\Rightarrow\; DPO = \dfrac{365}{\text{Payables Turnover}}
Inventory Turnover=COGS(or Sales)/Average Inventory  ⇒  DIO=365Inventory Turnover\text{Inventory Turnover} = COGS (\text{or Sales}) / \text{Average Inventory} \;\Rightarrow\; DIO = \dfrac{365}{\text{Inventory Turnover}}
Cash Conversion Cycle(CCC)=DIO+DSO−DPO\text{Cash Conversion Cycle} (CCC) = DIO + DSO - DPO
Asset Turnover Ratio=Net RevenueAverage Total Assets\text{Asset Turnover Ratio} = \dfrac{\text{Net Revenue}}{\text{Average Total Assets}}
Variables

Shorter CCC indicates rapid cash turnover and minimal capital tied up in the operational cash cycle.

Worked examples
Complete Waterfall Income Statement and Margins

Bharat Consumer Ltd reports Revenue of Rs 5,000 Cr for FY2026. Operating expenses include Raw Materials Rs 1,800 Cr, Employee Costs Rs 600 Cr, and Other Operating Overhead Rs 800 Cr. Depreciation is Rs 300 Cr, Finance Cost is Rs 150 Cr, Finance Income is Rs 50 Cr, and Corporate Tax rate is 25%. Compute EBITDA, EBIT, PBT, PAT, and EBITDA/PAT Margins.

Return on Equity (ROE) and ROCE (Pre- & Post-Tax)

Continuing from Problem 13: Bharat Consumer Ltd has Opening Net Worth of Rs 4,000 Cr and Closing Net Worth of Rs 4,400 Cr. Total Debt is Rs 1,200 Cr (constant). Total Assets are Rs 6,500 Cr. Calculate ROE, Pre-Tax ROCE, and Post-Tax ROCE.

Solvency & Coverage Ratios

Delta Infra Ltd has Total Debt of Rs 3,600 Cr, Net Worth of Rs 2,400 Cr, EBIT of Rs 480 Cr, and Annual Finance Interest Cost of Rs 320 Cr. Calculate the Debt-to-Equity (D/E) Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio. Evaluate financial risk.

Operating Activity Ratios and Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC)

Shakti Steel Ltd reports Annual Sales of Rs 7,300 Cr and COGS of Rs 4,380 Cr. Year-end balances: Accounts Receivable = Rs 800 Cr, Inventory = Rs 600 Cr, Accounts Payable = Rs 480 Cr. Calculate DSO, DIO, DPO, and the Cash Conversion Cycle.

3-Factor DuPont Analysis Diagnostic Comparison

Analyze two retail firms: Alpha Mart (Net Profit Margin 4%, Asset Turnover 3.0x, Equity Multiplier 2.5x) and Beta Luxury (Net Profit Margin 16%, Asset Turnover 0.8x, Equity Multiplier 1.25x). Calculate ROE for both and identify their business drivers.